Caltech's Dr. Jose Andrade is the best man in the world to answer questions like: What happens during an earthquake? What location on Earth is most similar to Mars? How can you finally beat Angry Birds?

Dr. Andrade is an expert on granular materials. This guy knows more about sand than you even knew was possible. His work has allowed him to understand what makes particular earthquakes so destructive (why the ground is effectively turned into liquid) and also to extrapolate about what the surface of Mars might be like. 

Dr. Andrade advises the Mars Curiosity rover team and has played a role in many of the fascinating discoveries that the rover has made. Hear more about his work on the latest episode of You're the Expert, "Granular Materials". 

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AuthorChris Duffy

Anyone who’s anyone is familiar with the Most Interesting Man. His smile is so contagious, the CCD created a vaccine to shield against its irresistible effect.  It has been fabled he beat God himself in an arm wrestling match. He amassed and sold off the only collection of beanie babies to ever be worth more than five dollars. But has the Most Interesting Man ever lost part of his hearing launching a grenade at a shark?

On the most recent episode of You’re the Expert, we talked with Dr. Phil Lobel, an ichthyologist at Boston University who may in fact be even more interesting than the World’s Most Interesting Man.  For the past 40 years, Dr. Lobel has studied the sounds that fish make, and he was one of the first scientists in the world to record fish video and sound synchronously under water.  His deep sea discoveries include the recognition that fish are both genetically disposed toward excellent auditory capabilities and very strategic in the way they produce sound, including the propensity to beat on a ‘swim bladder’ during the mating process. Dr. Phil provided us a sampling of these spawning bladder beats, which sounded a lot like an underwater Avicii concert.

Dr. Lobel began studying fish at a very early age, inspired by his father who was an avid fisherman. At the age of 17, he secured his first academically aquatic position at the University of Hawaii firing grenades at sharks to keep them away from the fish being studied by university scientists.  If you think that sounds dangerous, don’t worry. Dr. Lobel tends to regard sharks in the same way many of us think about sitting in traffic, or about creating a powerpoint presentation. They’re kind of a hassle, but are a necessary part of doing one’s job.

Not only is he an accomplished grenade thrower and noted shark puncher, Dr. Lobel has also lead several expeditions to film and record new species of fish, and to test aquatic environments for pollutants. One expedition led him to the northern part of the Congo where he received grant money to look for a particular species of fish, but also to investigate Congolese rumors of modern dinosaurs. Dr. Lobel and his field team determined that the supposed dinosaurs were actually sixty foot pythons, which he casually mentioned may be up to 120 years old. Even Harry Potter couldn’t stare down a giant immortal snake without a great deal of angst and trepidation.

Let’s be honest, we all want to know a little bit more about fish sounds from a man who seems to have no fear. So to borrow a line from the man formerly known as the most interesting, when it comes to drinking from the cup of ichthyologic knowledge: Stay thirsty, my friends.

- Lee Stephenson, Production Associate

If that hasn't already whet your appetite, check out this epic rap video Dr. Lobel created with colleagues about fish spawning:

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AuthorChris Duffy

“Dogs feel very strongly that they should always go with you in the car, in case the need should arise for them to bark violently at nothing right in your ear.” – Dave Barry

Dr. Alexandra Horowitz of Barnard's Dog Cognition Lab

Dr. Alexandra Horowitz of Barnard's Dog Cognition Lab

While we may be the ones holding the leash, animal cognition researcher and dog guru Dr. Alexandra Horowitz says it’s pretty clear who’s actually in charge. At her dog cognition lab at Barnard College, Dr. Horowitz spends her time trying to understand what life is like from the perspective of a dog: the sights, the sounds, the smells…oh, the smells. While there are lots of things we still don’t understand about man’s best friend, one thing is crystal clear: they’ve got us wrapped around their little paws.

This week on You’re the Expert, Dr. Horowitz explains that dogs are furry anthropologists, masters at reading and interpreting human behavior to figure out what makes us tick. Or more importantly, what makes us pull out the liver treats. Dr. Horowitz says dog owners often assume they can understand what their dog is thinking or feeling based on how they’re acting. In reality, canine behavior toward humans is motivated more by what they’ve evolved to do over some 14,000 years as our companions than what they intrinsically feel like doing.

Take this classic example: you come home after an evening out to find the contents of your trash can strewn across the kitchen floor. There’s Fluffy, cowering in the corner with her tail between her legs, unable to make eye contact. Clearly she feels terrible for what she’s done, right? Well, maybe not. According to Dr. Horowitz’s research, Fluffy doesn't actually feel guilty about making a mess. But she may have learned that if she acts a certain way, she’ll get scolded less. (Could you yell at a pooch who looked like this?) Owners tend to project human emotions, thoughts, and feelings onto dogs to better understand them, but more often than not, we’re reading way too much into those big puppy dog eyes.

To learn more about what it’s like to be a dog – and why their noses are always wet – listen to the full You’re the Expert episode with dog cognition specialist Dr. Alexandra Horowitz here.

-Lydia Dallett, Production Associate

For more on Dr. Horowitz, check out this interview: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120823716 

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AuthorChris Duffy